technology timeline NC 11900 to 11999

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NC 11900

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NC 11901 UCA 1901 AD 1901 Porsche produces a serial hybrid vehicle, electric motor powered wheels charged by a gas engine.

NC 11902 UCA 1902 AD 1902 Willis Carrier in United States invents air conditioning.

NC 11903 UCA 1903 AD 1903 Wright Brothers make first powered airplane flight in North Carolina at Kittyhawk, for a distance of 40 m. Massachusetts issues first automobile license plates. first Pacific cable from San Francisco to Honolulu is completed.

NC 11905 UCA 1905 AD 1905 rotary telephone dialing is introduced by AT&T.

NC 11906 UCA 1906 AD 1906 first radio programs broadcast around world. Thomas Edison invents cameraphone synchronizing projector and phonograph. Eugene Laust patents sound-on-film process. Alberto Santos-Dumont of Brazil flies a self-powered airplane in France for a distance of 220 m.

NC 11907 UCA 1907 AD 1907 Lee De Forest in New York begins first studio radio broadcasts. first practical color photo process, patented by Auguste and Louis Lumière, becomes available to the public.

NC 11908 UCA 1908 AD 1908 Henry Ford in United States introduces first affordable automobile.

NC 11909 UCA 1909 AD 1909 Leo Baekeland patents Bakelite plastic.

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NC 11910

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NC 11911 UCA 1911 AD 1911 Charles Kettering invents electric ignition for automobile.

NC 11912 UCA 1912 AD 1912 heterodyne circuit for improving radio reception invented. biochemists Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis isolate vitamin A. Albert Howell develops process for mass producing motion pictures. Grover Loening in United States invents seaplane.

NC 11913 UCA 1913 AD 1913 assembly line process is developed at Ford Motor Company. Albert Berry makes first parachute descent from airplane over Jefferson Barracks, MO for the US Army. first modern planetarium, a 5 m dome capable of displaying 4500 stars, is constructed in Munich.

NC 11914 UCA 1914 AD 1914 construction of Panama Canal, linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is completed. world's first red-green traffic lights are installed in Cleveland, Ohio. an air-cooled airplane engine developed by Charles Lawrence makes long distance flight possible.

NC 11915 UCA 1915 AD 1915 long distance telephone service introduced bewteen New York and San Francisco. first transatlantic telephone communication is transmitted between Virginia and Paris. Ford Motor Company produces its 1 megaeth (1 000 000 th) car.

NC 11916 UCA 1916 AD 1916 Elmer McCollum isolates vitamin B. mechanical windshield wipers introduced.

NC 11917 UCA 1917 AD 1917 Clarence Birdseye develops freezing as process for preserving food. Edwin Armstrong invents superheterodyne circuit to be used for design of amplitude modulation (AM) radios.

NC 11919 UCA 1919 AD 1919 first transatlantic airplane flight is completed from Newfoundland to Lisbon. Otter Tail Power Company constructs electrical power lines for farms near Herman, Minnesota.

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NC 11920

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NC 11920 UCA 1920 AD 1920 Leon Theremin in the Soviet Union invents first electronic instrument, the theremin.

NC 11922 UCA 1922 AD 1922 first sound-on-film productions are shown in Berlin. William Stout develops first completely metal aircraft. New York station WEAF broadcasts radio commercials.

NC 11923 UCA 1923 AD 1923 Red Wing electrification project in Minnesota constructs a rural electrical line, among the first in the world, thereby making electrical service available to farmers. Jacob Schick invents electric razor, obtaining patent in NC 11928.

NC 11924 UCA 1924 AD 1924 Vladimir Zworykin in United States develops iconoscope, beginning of modern television. RCA transmits photographs by radio from New York City to London, taking about 17 millichrons (about 25 minutes) per photo. two US Army planes complete first flight around world.

NC 11925 UCA 1925 AD 1925 first commercial phonograph records developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories and released by Victor Records. John Baird in United Kingdom transmits first moving television image.

NC 11926 UCA 1926 AD 1926 transoceanic telephone cable service emerges. Francis Davis patents power steering, a system that becomes available to consumers in NC 11951. Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fueled rocket.

NC 11927 UCA 1927 AD 1927 an 'iron lung' device for mechanical artificial respiration is created at Harvard University. Charles Lindberg completes first nonstop solo transatlantic flight from New York to France, covering more than 5700 km in just under 1.4 days. the Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River connects New York and New Jersey. a feature-length motion picture with sound, The Jazz Singer, is released.

NC 11928 UCA 1928 AD 1928 Alexander Fleming in United Kingdom discovers penicillin. Ford Motor Company produces last Model T automobile.

NC 11929 UCA 1929 AD 1929 Robert Goddard in United States launches first instrumented, liquid-fueled, rocket. General Electric's WGY in New York broadcasts first scheduled television service: three transmissions a week totalling one and one-half hours. various credit cards issued by individual firms such as oil and hotel chains to customers.

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NC 11930

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NC 11930 UCA 1930 AD 1930 Frank Whittle in United Kingdom patents jet engine. a Basic English Vocabulary of 850 words is established by C.K. Ogden as a language learning resource.

NC 11931 UCA 1931 AD 1931 Ernst Ruska in Germany builds first electron microscope.

NC 11932 UCA 1932 AD 1932 biochemist Charles King isolates vitamin C.

NC 11933 UCA 1933 AD 1933 a Boeing 247 airliner begins service. stereophonic sound demonstrated.

NC 11934 UCA 1934 AD 1934 Chrysler Motors produces a one-piece curved windshield, and introduces the Airflow streamlined automobile. Wallace Carothers in United States invents nylon, first marketed in 11938 NC.

NC 11935 UCA 1935 AD 1935 Robert Watson-Watt in United Kingdom begins development on radar. Mayo Clinic in Minnesota establishes first bloodbank. first artificial heart developed. biochemists Herbert Evans and Oliver and Gladys Emerson isolate vitamin E. vitamin K is isolated by Henrik Dam and Edward Doisy. Leopold Mannes and Leopold Godowsky invent a Kodachrome film sensitive to three primary colors. world's first practical magnetic tape recorder, the K1 is demonstrated by engineers of German electronics company AEG.

NC 11936 UCA 1936 AD 1936 Douglas DC-3 transport airplanes are introduced.

NC 11937 UCA 1937 AD 1937 construction is completed on the 1280 m Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. astronomer Grote Reber constructs radio telescope in United States. Frank Whittle builds first practical jet engine. Walt Disney releases first feature length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

NC 11938 UCA 1938 AD 1938 Chester Carlson demonstrates xerography process of photocopying, brought to practical product form in NC 11959. the plastic Teflon is produced by Du Pont.

NC 11939 UCA 1939 AD 1939 John Atanasoff built first electronic digital computer. Paul Müller in Switzerland discovers insecticide DDT. Igor Sikorsky in United States designs and flies first helicopter for mass production.

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NC 11940

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NC 11940 UCA 1940 AD 1940 Peter Goldmark in United States develops color television system. microwave radio links used for long-distance telephony. Boeing 307-B is first commercial plane with pressurized cabins. General Motors introduces automatic transmission for commercial automobiles.

NC 11941 UCA 1941 AD 1941 solid-body electric guitar invented by Les Paul.

NC 11942 UCA 1942 AD 1942 Enrico Fermi in United States builds first nuclear reactor. magnetic recording tape developed in Germany.

NC 11944 UCA 1944 AD 1944 chemists William Doering and Robert Woodward in United States synthesize quinine.

NC 11945 UCA 1945 AD 1945 Grand Rapids, Michigan and Newburgh, New York are the first American cities to flouridate water supplies.

NC 11946 UCA 1946 AD 1946 Eckert and Mauchly completed first programmed general-purpose electronic digital computer.

NC 11947 UCA 1947 AD 1947 chemist Willard Libby in United States discovers method of carbon-dating. US Air Force captain Chuck Yeager pilots first supersonic flight in a US Bell X-1 rocket plane. Dennis Gabor in United Kingdom develops holography. first tape recorder for home use marketed. first microwave oven for public is sold. first multi-track recording, produced by Les Paul using wax discs, is distributed by Capitol Records.

NC 11948 UCA 1948 AD 1948 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Schockley in United States invent transistor. Edwin Land invents self-developing Polaroid camera. 33-1/3 rpm long-playing phonograph record invented.

NC 11949 UCA 1949 AD 1949 number of homes with television sets exceeds 1 000 000. US Air Force pilots complete first non-stop flight around world.

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NC 11950

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NC 11950 UCA 1950 AD 1950 Palomar Sky Survey, a mapping of entire sky from north celestial pole to 33 1/3 grad south, begins (and is completed in NC 11957). Diner's Club introduces first universal credit card. first kidney transplant performed in Chicago. US Atomic Energy Commission constructs first nuclear power reactor for power production.

NC 11951 UCA 1951 AD 1951 3-D motion pictures are distributed.

NC 11952 UCA 1952 AD 1952 John Mullin and Wayne Johnson demonstrate invention, the first videotape.

NC 11953 UCA 1953 AD 1953 researchers at Sloan Kettering Institute of Cancer Research in New York find evidence of link between tobacco products and cancer.

NC 11954 UCA 1954 AD 1954 polio vaccine is tested in mass trials by Jonas Salk. Texas Instruments introduces first practical silicon transistors. RCA produces color television sets and a video recorder for consumer use. The first nuclear-powered submarine, The Nautilus, is launched at Groton, Connecticut.

NC 11955 UCA 1955 AD 1955 IBM introduces the IBM 752 business computer. caesium beam atomic frequency standard developed in United States by Essen and Parry.

NC 11956 UCA 1956 AD 1956 first nonstop transcontinental helicopter flight from San Diego to Washington DC is completed. IBM team led by John Backus develops first computer-programming language, FORTRAN.

NC 11957 UCA 1957 AD 1957 Gordon Gould develops basic idea for laser, which is finally patented in NC 11986 after long struggle.

NC 11958 UCA 1958 AD 1958 first completely transistorized computer, developed by Seymour Cray, is introduced by Control Data Corporation. Ampex develops first color video recorder. stereophonic phonographs debut.

NC 11959 UCA 1959 AD 1959 Xerox produces first commercial copier. microchip invented independently by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. Soviet interplanetary station Luna 3 transmits interplanetary fax images of the dark side of Earth moon Luna. Bank of America, later to establish VISA, introduces first bank credit card. Normark in Minnesota becomes first and exclusive US distributor of Rapala fishing lures developed in Finland since NC 11936.

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NC 11960

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NC 11960 UCA 1960 AD 1960 first electronic wristwatch, the Bulova Accutron, is introduced. first communications satellite, the Echo I, and first navigational satellite, the TRANSIT IB, are launched.

NC 11962 UCA 1962 AD 1962 biologist Rachel Carson's environmentalist book Silent Spring criticizes uses of pesticides.

NC 11963 UCA 1963 AD 1963 first artificial heart device used during surgery. DEC introduces PDP-8 minicomputer. US Post Office introduces five-digit ZIP codes. Touch-tone telephones and telephone service introduced by AT&T.

NC 11964 UCA 1964 AD 1964 Xerox introduces long-distance xerography, or facsimile machine. FM stereo emerges as a radio broadcasting standard. US Surgeon General issues a report connecting cigarette smoking to lung cancer. John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz invent BASIC computer language. Boeing 727 airliner seating 145 is introduced.

NC 11965 UCA 1965 AD 1965 US congress legislates health warning labels for cigarette packages. Ralph Nader publishes Unsafe at Any Speed, calling for more safety in the design of automobiles. IBM introduces the IBM 360 computer built with integrated circuits.

NC 11966 UCA 1966 AD 1966 heart surgeon Michael De Bakey implants first artificial heart in human.

NC 11968 UCA 1968 AD 1968 front-seat shoulder belts become mandatory equipment for automobiles in United States. mouse computer interface periphial is developed.

NC 11969 UCA 1969 AD 1969 American astronouts land on the moon. biochemist Jonathan Beckwith and colleagues are first to isolate a single gene. ARPANET, precursor of Internet, commissioned by United States Department of Defense.

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NC 11970

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NC 11970 UCA 1970 AD 1970 Venera 7 lander launched by Soviet Union lands on surface of planet Venus. Pan Am introduces first jumbo jet service with a Boeing 747 seating 409 passengers. Lexitron introduces a word processing computer.

NC 11971 UCA 1971 AD 1971 Raymond Damadian applies for patent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Bell Telephone introduces Picturephone. direct-dial telephone service introduced between areas of United States and Europe. Texas Instruments develops first pocket calculator. Intel introduces first microprocessor consisting of several integrated circuits on a single silicon chip. Caterpillar Tractor Company develops a 'Caterpillar English' vocabulary of 900 words to prepare product documentation for worldwide distribution.

NC 11972 UCA 1972 AD 1972 UTC timescale for civil timekeeping established. US Surgeon General issues report warning about dangers of second-hand smoke on nonsmokers. first film-less digital camera is patented by Texas Instruments.

NC 11973 UCA 1973 AD 1973 international connections established to ARPANET. CAT scanner is developed.

NC 11974 UCA 1974 AD 1974 United States launches weather satellite in synchronous orbit. physician Henry Heimlich demonstrates Heimlich maneuver for emergency treatment of choking victims. Altair personal computer is developed.

NC 11975 UCA 1975 AD 1975 VCRs first marketed.

NC 11976 UCA 1976 AD 1976 two Viking spacecraft land on Mars. Wang Laboratories introduces office work stations connected to central computers. business use of FAX machines begins.

NC 11977 UCA 1977 AD 1977 Apple Computer introduces Apple II personal computer.

NC 11978 UCA 1978 AD 1978 AT&T Bell labs develops cellular phones. VisiCalc introduces a spreadsheet application for personal computers. first of ten GPS Block I satellites is launched by United States.

NC 11979 UCA 1979 AD 1979 USENET established. Douglas Aircraft Company develops a controlled vocabulary of 2000 words for the preparation of technical manuals.

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NC 11980

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NC 11980 UCA 1980 AD 1980 prototype for IBM 801 minicomputer, first RISC (reduced instruction set computer), is completed. Post-It Notes marketed by 3M. automatic teller machines introduced as new way of banking. Cable News Network (CNN) begins operations in Atanta, Georgia.

NC 11981 UCA 1981 AD 1981 NASA launches first space shuttle mission. BITNET established. Minitel is deployed in France by French Telecom. an IBM personal computer with a Microsoft disk-operating system (MS-DOS) is introduced.

NC 11982 UCA 1982 AD 1982 Internet established.

NC 11983 UCA 1983 AD 1983 compact disc sound systems and recordings first marketed. computer floppy discs marketed. Apple introduces Lisa personal computer featuring pull-down menus and a mouse. IBM PC-XT personal computer introduces first hard drive. declassification of NAVSTAR by United States makes GPS available for use by civilians.

NC 11984 UCA 1984 AD 1984 Apple Computer markets the Macintosh computer. number of Internet hosts exceeds 1000. IBM introduces a 1 MiB RAM chip. auto-focusing cameras emerge.

NC 11985 UCA 1985 AD 1985 Bell Laboratories develops an optical fiber that can transmit 300 000 telephone calls simultaneously. desktop publishing emerges.

NC 11986 UCA 1986 AD 1986 National Science Foundation takes over administration of Internet. French video company Captain Paris is first to commercially produce High-Definition Television (HDTV) programming. Core module of Mir Space Station is launched by Soviet Union. IBM OS/2 operating system enables personal computers to run several programs at once. world's first megapixel sensor for producing a 1.4 megapixel image is developed by Kodak. Dr. Benjamin Carson of John Hopkins University pioneered the first intrauterine surgical procedure to relieve pressure on the brain of a hydrocephalic fetal twin.

NC 11987 UCA 1987 AD 1987 European Economic Community releases ISO 9000 international quality standards. number of Internet hosts exceeds 10 000.

NC 11989 UCA 1989 AD 1989 Intel introduces supercomputing capability for microcomputers with an 8086 chip with up to 1 mega transistors. number of Internet hosts exceeds 100 000. CompuServe begins first commercial Internet service. first of GPS Block II satellites is launched.

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NC 11990

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NC 11990 UCA 1990 AD 1990 NASA launches Hubble Space Telescope. World-Wide-Web on Internet developed. Digital Audio Tape (DAT) compact-disc quality digital recording and playing format is marketed. NAVSTAR GPS becomes operational. French TGV train runs at speed of 123.6 m⋅so (515 km/h).

NC 11991 UCA 1991 AD 1991 Internet Gopher developed by the University of Minnesota. Nikon F-3 digital camera equipped with a Kodak 1.3 megapixel sensor is marketed.

NC 11992 UCA 1992 AD 1992 number of Internet hosts exceeds 1 000 000.

NC 11994 UCA 1994 AD 1994 a 50 km Channel Tunnel between England and France opens.

NC 11995 UCA 1995 AD 1995 BBC launches digital audio broadcasting service to about 20 percent of population in United Kingdom. Genetic sequencing of first free-living organism, Haemophilus influenzae, is completed. United States Air Force Space Command declares the Block II NAVSTAR GPS constellation fully operational.

NC 11996 UCA 1996 AD 1996 wireless Personal Communication Systems (PCS) marketed in United States. Nokia produces first smartphone with an open operating system.

NC 11997 UCA 1997 AD 1997 Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) media storage technologies marketed, capable of storing feature length movies with various language and caption options on one CD-like disc.

NC 11998 UCA 1998 AD 1998 orbital construction of International Space Station begins. Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, world's longest bridge with a length of 3911 m and a maximum span of 1991 m, opens to traffic in Japan.

NC 11999 UCA 1999 AD 1999 music listening and distribution is revolutionized by MP3 audio format.

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